Victimiology and Alternatives to the Traditional Criminal Justice System Free Essays

Restorative justice is a procedure whereby all interested parties in a particular offence collectively gather to determine together how to deal with the consequence of the offense and its significance for the future. From the victim’s standpoint, restorative justice has been shown as a rule to have achieved better conflict resolution than the existing system of criminal justice. The concept enables the victims to have a voice in the justice process, by offering them an opportunity to ask queries and seek out answers, affording them a part in the sentencing resolution and providing them with opportunities for closure and healing. We will write a custom essay sample on Victimiology and Alternatives to the Traditional Criminal Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Victimiology and Alternatives to the Traditional Criminal Justice System The term â€Å"restorative justice† has come into view in varied forms, with diverse names, and in several countries; it has sprung from sites of academia, activism, and justice system agencies. The idea may refer to an alternative procedure for resolving controversies, to alternative options of interdiction, or to a uniquely different, â€Å"new† approach of criminal justice organized around theories of restoration to offenders, victims, and the communities in which the parties live. The term may also confer to diversion from recognized court process, to actions taken in parallel with court judgments, and to meetings between victims and` offenders at any phase of the criminal process. Although restorative justice is a large concept with compound referents, there is a comprehensive sense of what it stands for. It calls attention to the repair of damages and of shattered social bonds resulting from crime; and concentrates on the relationships between crime offenders, victims, and society. Restorative justice is a procedure whereby all interested parties in a particular offence collectively gather to determine together how to deal with the consequence of the offense and its significance for the future. For victims, it enables them to have a voice in the justice process, by offering them an opportunity to ask queries and seek out answers, affording them a part in the sentencing resolution, and providing them with opportunities for closure and healing. It is not merely a way of correcting the criminal justice system; it is a way of changing society’s practice of politics, conduct in the workplace, family lives, and entire legal structure. The restorative justice’s vision is of a holistic change in the manner people carry out justice with the rest of the world. Whether restorative justice can eventually be of assistance to the victims without impairing the community or justice remains to be seen. But it is becoming apparent that the concept does without a doubt helps most victims. Increasing observed benefits and advantages of restorative justice are outweighing the insignificant harms caused by it. The said findings appeared from a research study conducted in Australia over the period of 1995 to 2000; known as the Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (Ronken and Lincoln, n. d. , p. 3). The assessments integrated observations of the court and conferences proceedings, review of official data, and consultation with the victims after their cases were ordered. The assessment revealed: Firstly, the manners of intervention in restorative justice are organized affords much greater prospect for victims to know about the development of their cases than available when cases are processed all the way through the courts. In practice, victims are unusually told nothing concerning their case when they are not obliged to be witnesses. This inadequacy of communication was the particular greatest reason for victims’ dissatisfaction whose cases went to court. Secondly, a restorative justice encounter expectedly necessitates a high degree of participation by both offenders and victims. Victims stresses that personal delivery of justice is one of the advantages that they admire in restorative justice process that are not presented in the court. Thirdly, if emotional restitution is what victims’ value most for their mending, then restorative justice provides sufficient opportunity for the said restitution to take place. Fourthly, victims are more likely to acquire restitution through restorative justice as compared through the courts. Victims often obtained some other form of material reparation, such as service by the offender for the affected people or for the community. Lastly, 90 percent of victims who experienced restorative justice answered that they have been treated respectfully and justly in the resolution of their cases as they believed the meeting had taken account of what they alleged in deciding what should be done (Strang and Sherman, 2003, p. 35). Peacemaking Strategies Peacemaking strategies are holistic approach to crime and conflict and are used for centuries now in several countries. Peacemaking strategies deal with the fundamental causes of conflicts and violence. The approach considers the needs of offenders, victims, communities and families within a re-integrative framework. Peacemaking has a prospective to: assist adults and youth who come into dispute with the law; guarantee the development of responsible and healthy youth; support and recognize violence-free relationships; and increase the competence of communities to deal with social justice and criminal issues (Paiement, 2006, p. 5). Feedback from those who experienced peacemaking process noted the educational nature of the strategy; that they were able to take part openly and usually remarked on an approval for the peace talking; the process is competent in dealing with the issues of the parties directly and helping the offenders be aware of the outcomes of their actions; and the parties of the process were often very emotional and the victim felt respected and honoured (Paiement, 2006, p. 19). Shaming In the United States, most community registration and notification laws were enacted in the early 1990’s instantaneously after the occurrence of several high profile cases on violent sexual acts. Currently, state-controlled or public domain notification comes in two fundamental forms. The first is the registration that brings about the reporting of the criminals to justice bureaus in order for the latter to keep an eye on criminals’ movements. The second form is termed â€Å"community notification. † It comes in a range of forms such as internet postings, news releases, community conferences and targeting specific local areas, organizations or groups to give advice to the population concerning discharged sex offenders. However, shaming through notification laws will not automatically provide justice to the victims or shield the community from sex offenders. There are several well acknowledged explanations for such a conclusion. The explanation includes: that the shaming approach may promote displacement; offer a false sense of protection; incorrect forms of insulting; are based on high-levels of recidivism; lead to more costly and weighty justice processes; and may aggravate vigilante attacks (Ronken and Lincoln, n. d. , p. 9). In the United States it is estimated that sex offenders’ population are already 250,000, with 60 percent released in the community. It is clear that every individual cannot be advised in relation to all possible offenders prowling in their community. The aforementioned facts suggest the inefficiency of notification laws as a useful alternative to the traditional justice system. Further, notification conveys a frustrating message to the victims as well as the community that the state is capable to notify them about offenders within their midst but can present no means to deal with the dilemma. On the other hand John Braithwaite’s â€Å"reintegrative shaming† theory aims to eliminate the shaming nature of long-established criminal justice process that communities and families employ in reparation for the damages done to them. The concept is accomplished through a phrase of retrial for the offender’s act and a process of reintegrating the lawbreaker back into their society through acts of acceptance and forgiveness. Thus, if notification laws are steadily influenced in the principles of restorative justice, including reintegration and shaming, then there may be a decline in the level of re-offending and a greater sense of justice and fairness to the victims. How to cite Victimiology and Alternatives to the Traditional Criminal Justice System, Papers

Changing Nature and Implications of Journalism †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Changing Nature of Journalism. Answer: Changing Nature of Journalism The journalism that was there earlier in 20th century or maybe even twenty years back has now completely changed. Todays journalism is very different from the Journalism people knew back earlier. Journalism is a strong term even today, but the nature has changes because of a lot of reason. Earlier the medium of news was newspaper and radio but now the entire digitalization has changed the entire view, now the availability of new is more widespread. The growth and evolution of human society is bringing new situations which is producing new professions and changing the basic nature of the one which is already existing. The job that has experienced and recently went through radical changes is that of a journalist. This job has developed the society and created a communication between the world, it has given a voice to the people and today sitting at home we get to know about our the entire world. People in sitting at home are getting to watch the world news for example Australia knows w hats happening in India and China. The effect of web on news reporting is known to be the most effective way of journalism. This change is bringing revolutionize change in the world. Journalists are known to be the liberty of information; however the nature of the new structure and the news room is changing today. There is a total change even in the publishing of a story. The internet has become the immediate source of information. Through online media they find a multiple perspectives and a great availability of news and knowledge which is written like a context of stories. Newspapers are becoming outdated these days, they have started making their stories short, the size of the foreign and national news are becoming shorter and they have introduced more advertisements in news paper in order to make money. Todays news is less about the news and more about the profit making. It has become more like a business. The news first came into being with the objective of giving people a voic e, later on when television came into being it gave people a vision but gradually it became an industry where the truth is little and more publicity is been created just for money. This is the reason why there are less news and more controversy. Be it newspaper or broadcasting journalism or any form of media it encourages controversies these days, more than focusing on the main issue. These days both large and small papers have decreased their space, sources and dedication committed to the variety of topics. In survey it has been shown that there is cut back on international news. Now the competition has increased between several channels and newspapers and in order to surpass other the quality f news material is been sacrificed. However digital and portals are increasing as a source of expectation to look forward. There are newspaper and channel websites as well as individual websites which provide us with news these days, which is an advantage for the world. The New Growing Trend- Fitness The fitness is becoming the new trend everywhere. Somehow this industry has got new wings and continuously creating diversity with different types of crazes and trends. There has been a new event which is happening i.e. running, which involves mileage build up to match up the race. The new training plan has been created by Kristina Grind, where they have involved the entire woman and started this running program. The initiative was taken because she knows a lot of women suffer and struggle with their daily schedule that how they will give some time to their self in order to be fit (Executive Style, 2017). Running is basic way of staying fit; it does not require gym or anything fancy its the most basic level of training which stimulates the body. A person can take out time and run at any hour of the day depending on their free time. Most of the women struggle with their workout, as in what to do and when to do it, however Kristina figured it out and which has helped her work through h er routine. Therefore in this program she includes no of women at a given time with their convenience (The Telegraph, 2017). In fact they have said that they feel much better and stronger and confident. Various researches have shown that a female body needs a large portion of stimulation in order t stay healthy an d gain strength. However in spite of know the emergence of exercise still people becomes laid back and due to work pressure they often overlook the importance of it. Therefore Kristine has taken up the responsibility to help and push those women so that they can take time out for this. To encourage them she has taken the initiative and therefore she is organizing an even where all the women in her group including her will form a rally and will run 14 kilometer. She even says that the workout has helped them feel more fresh and energetic; they have found a good vibe from this training. It relaxes them to a lot of extent and even helped them to a personal level. The world has turn into fitness centre with new gyms and new equipment facilities, every men and women wants abs these days which sounds fancy but in a way it is taking the world into a new direction with lot of strength and forces. Staying fit is what always out mother told us but when its a trend then people are lounging upon it (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2017). This specific rally will motivate more women according to Kristine and help other women to come forward and join them. A little is all we need Kristine says. She says this is liberating for her as it makes her happy to see other more people participating in this rally. This will help not them as a person but will help encourage others as well (Dailytelegraph, 2017). References: Dailytelegraph.com.au. (2017).Daily Telegraph | Breaking News and Headlines from Sydney and News South Wales | Daily Telegraph.Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/ Executive Style, L. (2017).Plan ahead: The simple trick becoming a better, fitter, runner.Executive Style. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.executivestyle.com.au/why-a-running-plan-will-make-you-fitter-stronger-and-prevent-injury-gxqntn Lewis, S. C. (2015). Journalism in an Era of Big Data: Cases, concepts, and critiques. Rao, S. (2013). Covering rape: The changing nature of society and Indian journalism.Center for Journalism Ethics. Rottwilm, P. (2014). The future of journalistic work: Its changing nature and implications. Spyridou, L. P., Matsiola, M., Veglis, A., Kalliris, G., Dimoulas, C. (2013). Journalism in a state of flux: Journalists as agents of technology innovation and emerging news practices.International Communication Gazette,75(1), 76-98. The Sydney Morning Herald. (2017).National News Headlines | Latest Australian Breaking News.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/national The Telegraph. (2017).Australasia.The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/australasia/

10 tips all new teachers should know

10 tips all new teachers should know Beginning a career in teaching is extremely exciting. Shaping today’s minds that will run tomorrow’s world is a vital job, and it can be fun as well as rewarding. But anyone with a general idea of what teachers do everyday knows that every day won’t be a breeze. In fact, most days will be a real challenge. The good news is that if you come to the job equipped to deal with those challenges, you will be a much more effective teacher. Go into your new career armed with these 10 tips and you’ll be in good shape from the start. 1. Observe to become a better teacher.A good way to get the lay of the classroom environment is to watch other teachers teach. This step is usually built into the requirements for your degree, since most education students have to observe as part of the curriculum. If it is not, make arrangements on your own to sit in on classes. Doing so will help you figure out what to do on the job- and very likely, what not to do.2. Strive toward tan gible goals.The most effective way to organize a lesson is to set a specific goal for each one. The SMART system will help you set your goal. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-based.3. Schedule your prep time.Most of the work happens in the classroom, but there’s a lot of preparation you’ll need to do after work hours too. Be sure to always set aside a specific time to get your lesson plans together so you never have to scramble to get them done at the last minute.4. Exude confidence (or fake it if you have to).Students can be an unruly bunch, and the worst ones can really frazzle you. Sometimes they may simply be bored and unengaged. The best weapon against such challenges is confidence. If you are in charge of your voice and body language, students will be more likely to allow you to take charge of the classroom.5. Never forget- you’re the adult.On a similar note, you must never forget that you are the adult. Difficult stud ents may try to break you down and drag you to their level. It is your job to remain above such childishness- you have the control to both dole out the discipline and be lenient when appropriate.6. Dress for the job.On another similar note, you need to make it very clear by your presence that you’re the adult and not one of the gang. Save the cool and casual clothes for your spare time. At school, dress in a professional manner to establish an air of authority.7. Establish rules early on.You can’t just make an authoritative impression by dressing appropriately. You must also set out clear rules for maintaining your authority. Make sure your students know what you expect of them in terms of personal behavior, due dates, and class participation.8. Encourage organization.Organization can be a key to success, so aim to instill the value into your students. Expecting students to take notes is one way to encourage them to stay organized. You can also get them to think of you r lessons in an organized manner by using visual aids such as graphics and diagrams to connect ideas.9. Constantly check their understanding.Your students’ ability to comprehend your lesson may not exactly keep up with your enthusiasm for teaching it. So every 10 minutes, take a break to check in with your students and find out if they’re following your flow of information. Asking a few review questions is one effective way to check their understanding.10. Love what you do.Finally, make sure you maintain that enthusiasm for teaching. The way to do this is to love your work. If you exude enthusiasm for teaching, exercise your imagination, and work to inspire the creativity of your students, you will receive greater enjoyment from your teaching and your class will be more willing to learn from it. Good luck!

Personal Essay Topics and Prompts

Personal Essay Topics and Prompts A personal essay is an essay about your life, thoughts, or experiences. This type of essay will give readers a glimpse into your most intimate life experiences and life lessons. There are many reasons you may need to write a personal essay, from a simple class assignment to a college application requirement. You can use the list below for inspiration. Consider each statement a starting point, and write about a memorable moment that the prompt brings to mind. Your bravest momentHow you met your best friendWhat makes your mom or dad specialHow you overcame a fearWhy you will succeedWhy you made a difficult choiceA special placeA place you try to avoidWhen a friend let you downAn event that changed your lifeA special encounter with an animalA time when you felt out of placeAn odd experience that didnt make sense at the timeWords of wisdom that hit home and changed your way of thinkingA person that you do not likeA time when you disappointed someoneYour fondest memoryA time when you saw your parent cryThe moment when you knew you were grown upYour earliest memory of holiday celebrations in your homeTimes when you should have made a better choiceA time when you dodged a dangerous situationA person you will think about at the end of your lifeYour favorite time periodA failure youve experiencedA disappointment youve experiencedA surprising turn of eventsWhat you would do with powerWhat superpower you would chooseIf you could switch lives with s omeone How money matters in your lifeYour biggest lossA time when you felt you did the wrong thingA proud moment when you did the right thingAn experience that youve never shared with another personA special place that you shared with a childhood friendA first encounter with a strangerYour first handshakeWhere you go to hideIf you had a do-overA book that changed your lifeWords that stungWhen you had the desire to runWhen you had the urge to crawl into a holeWords that prompted hopeWhen a child taught you a lessonYour proudest momentIf your dog could talkYour favorite time with familyIf you could live in another countryIf you could invent somethingThe world a hundred years from nowIf you had lived a hundred years earlierThe animal youd like to beOne thing youd change at your schoolThe greatest movie momentThe type of teacher you would beIf you could be a buildingA statue youd like to seeIf you could live anywhereThe greatest discoveryIf you could change one thing about yourselfAn animal tha t could be in charge Something you can do that robots could never doYou most unfortunate dayYour secret talentYour secret loveThe most beautiful thing youve ever seenThe ugliest thing youve seenSomething youve witnessedAn accident that changed everythingA wrong choiceA right choiceIf you were a foodHow youd spend a million dollarsIf you could start a charityThe meaning of colorA close callYour favorite giftA chore youd do away withA secret placeSomething you cant resistA hard lessonA visitor youll never forgetAn unexplained eventYour longest minuteAn awkward social momentAn experience with deathWhy youll never tell a lieIf your mom knew shed kill youA kiss that meant a lotWhen you needed a hugThe hardest news youve had to deliverA special morning

Personal Statement for UCAS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Statement for UCAS - Essay Example This essay discusses the reasons why the researcher chose to study International Relations, that was mostly due to his interest in world affairs and politics. This entails the cultural differences that are displayed by different nationalities. The development of a country is always fascinating to study because a lot can be learnt from it. Some of the particular topics that are of importance to me are corruption, human rights, and discrimination. The researcher states that it was his father, who encouraged him to pursue a course in International Relations in college because the researcher would be able to live out his dream. In the learning of other cultures, the researcher is able to understand what needs to change within his own culture as well. The author would like to impact his country in a positive way, and taking a course in International Relations will help him to achieve that. Because International Relations is very broad, the researcher would like to focus more on the differ ent economic and political systems that are in place across the world, such as the UK and former USSR, that both are great examples of countries that are very different both politically and economically. The researcher would like to understand how the teachings of Karl Marx affected society in the USSR and what effect this had on the Soviet people, that lived through such events. He would also like to understand the reasons behind this and how the researcher can impact his country in the same way today.

Strategy For Public Sector Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategy For Public Sector Organization - Essay Example This paper will critically analyze how public sectors are managed and why they fail to deliver quality and efficient services despite improved management. Role of public sectors organization Public sector organization plays a vital role in national economic growth. Economic growth of a country is relatively proportion to the growth and development of industries and infrastructures. Small enterprises also depend on the large enterprises as their suppliers and consumers. Development of infrastures and large organizations require huge capital to establish and most lending institutions can readily avail such facilities to public sectors and not to private owned organizations (Haider 2010). Infrastructures such as railways, sewerage pipes, power lines among others requires a huge investments and private owners cannot invest in such facilities that have low return but public sectors can invest in such infrastructural facilities that to provide important services to the public. Infrastructu re development helps to attract private investor into a region to provide other profitable service (Mohammed? and Umar n.y, P. 473). Publically owned organization always strive to maintain balanced growth across the region and area of operation by investing in both developed and undeveloped areas thus ensuring regional balances (Haider 2010). Government owned facilities like education institutions and heath institutions are fairly distributed across the national boundaries while private organization concentrate in urban area to boost their profit and minimize operation cost. Sparsely populated areas have higher uncertainty, low number of consumers and negative factors that profit based... This article stresses that the U.K has assumed a centralized target approach in the management of public service and public sector is not spared in this new trend of management and it is clear no single measure is conclusive in providing a lucid performance target where leadership anticipates a balanced perception in weighing financial and operations assessment in delivery of services. New performance targets in the United Kingdom were tied to budgetary allocation in all sectors of the public sector where performance indicators were set based on headline targets fragmented into detailed lower level targets. This paper makes a conclusion that public organizations are crucial to economic growth in any country since they provide basic services and goods for the general public despite the economical return to the economy and the organization. These services may not be profitable to the private sectors and therefore most private owned organization avoids them. Previously most public organizations were faced with several challenges such as funding, poor management, poor services, and discriminatory cultural practices among others. In recent times most organization has changed to adopt new strategy to improve their service delivery and competitive advantages. However there is need use more management tools and conduct intensive analysis of internal and external environmental factors that affect their service delivery to ensure that their strategy are effective and improve their management since lack of proper analysis has turned out tragic rather than beneficial.

DE Beers Diamond Dilemma Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

DE Beers Diamond Dilemma - Case Study Example Political factors These factors emerge from the various policies, which are imposed by the government. De Beers as an incorporation had to deal with different political upheaval since it operated in different countries and had to sell its products to different countries as well (Gillespie, 2009). The political upheaval in Soviet Union in the year 1991 causes a lot of profit loss to De Beers Incorporation (Danielle, 2005). Before this upheaval, the Soviet Union and De Beer Incorporation had trading agreements and that dates back to the year 1950s. In this same year, deposits of Diamond were found in Siberia and from the trading agreement; Soviet Union had agreed to sell all their diamonds to this Incorporation. The integration of the Soviet system resulted into the collapse of the trading agreements that De Beer had with them and therefore, the enforcement of the various contracts were not possible. The political upheaval in Angola in the year 1990 also weakened the operations of De B eer Incorporation. The rebels were able to take control of major diamonds mines from the then President Dos Santos and this forced De Beer to purchase blood diamonds. Apart from Angola, other African countries, which were trading partners for De Beer, also suffered a lot of political upheaval. Countries like Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Liberia were equally affected by the political upheaval and that led to reduced trading by De Beer. Trading in blood diamond later caused the company many revenues following their exposure in the year 1998. Economic factors Changes in the economy greatly affected the operations and organization of many business corporations (Gillespie, 2009). Due to hard economic times in diamond trade in the year 1999, De Beer was able to experience some shifts in its value chain (Danielle, 2005). A lot of integration in terms of forward and backward movement was experienced. Many investments in mines by the retail outlets were being experienced a t that time and at the same time many mines were equally becoming retailers. This integration proved it tough for De Beer since the company returns were greatly reduced. In the same year, jeweler Tiffany and Company that has been sourcing most of diamonds from De Beer announced its withdrawal and it bought some mining concerns from Canada at a cost worth $ 104 million. These economic factors affected De Beer Company and the Company opted to safeguard its market dominance. The safeguarding practiced proved to be very expensive for this company since it was forced to buy diamonds from inflated prices. Some of the diamonds, which were purchased at inflated prices, were later sold at very low prices. The emergence of Australian Argyle Company into the diamond trade further weakened the market bases for De Beer since this company was able to produce low quality diamonds, which were later sold cheaply. The inflation in prices of diamonds from other countries where De Beer was sourcing the m also made this company in the year 1990 to lose a lot of its market share (Danielle, 2005). The share price for this company was also able to reduce from 17 to 12 $ between the year, 1989 and the year 1998 and the fall in price presented a percentage drop of close to 30. Social factors These factors generally affect the demands of the various products produced by an organization. These factors circumrotate on the labor and the workforce within an organization (Gillespie, 2009). The processing of diamond in De Beer Company had several processing industries, which were helpful in the cutting and polishing of the processed diamonds. The Indians dominated the workforce in the organization and close to 1 million workers in the processing